Ruby/Справочник/File
Класс File
правитьftools adds several (class, not instance) methods to the File class, for copying, moving, deleting, installing, and comparing files, as well as creating a directory path. See the File class for details. FileUtils contains all or nearly all the same functionality and more, and is a recommended option over ftools When you
require 'ftools'
then the File class aquires some utility methods for copying, moving, and deleting files, and more. See the method descriptions below, and consider using FileUtils as it is more comprehensive.
Примеси
Windows::DeviceIO (CTL_CODE, DeviceIoControl, FSCTL_SET_COMPRESSION, FSCTL_SET_SPARSE),
Windows::Error (FormatMessage, FormatMessageW, GetLastError, SetErrorMode, SetLastError, SetLastErrorEx, get_last_error),
Windows::File (CopyFile, CopyFileEx, CreateFile, CreateHardLink, DecryptFile, DeleteFile, EncryptFile, GetBinaryType, GetFileAttributes, GetFileAttributesEx, GetFileSize, GetFileSizeEx, GetFileType, GetFullPathName, GetLongPathName, GetShortPathName, LockFile, LockFileEx, ReadFile, ReadFileEx, SetFileAttributes, UnlockFile, UnlockFileEx, WriteFile, WriteFileEx),
Windows::Limits (),
Windows::Security (AddAce, CopySid, GetAce, GetFileSecurity, GetLengthSid, GetSecurityDescriptorControl, GetSecurityDescriptorDacl, InitializeAcl, InitializeSecurityDescriptor, LookupAccountName, LookupAccountSid, SetFileSecurity, SetSecurityDescriptorDacl)
Константы
ADD, ALT_SEPARATOR, ARCHIVE, BUFSIZE, CHANGE, COMPRESSED, CONTENT_INDEXED, FULL, HIDDEN, INDEXED, MAX_PATH, NORMAL, OFFLINE, PATH_SEPARATOR, READ, READONLY, SECURITY_RIGHTS, SEPARATOR, SYSTEM, Separator, TEMPORARY, VERSION
Методы класса
archive?, atime, attributes, basename, blksize, blockdev?, catname, chardev?, chmod, chown, compare, compressed?, copy, ctime, decrypt, delete, directory?, dirname, encrypted?, encrypt, executable?, executable_real?, exist?, exists?, expand_path, extname, file?, fnmatch?, fnmatch, ftype, get_permissions, grpowned?, hidden?, identical?, indexed?, install, join, lchmod, lchown, link, long_path, lstat, makedirs, move, mtime, new, normal?, offline?, owned?, pipe?, readable?, readable_real?, readlink, readonly?, remove_attributes, rename, reparse_point?, safe_unlink, securities, set_attributes, set_permissions, setgid?, setuid?, short_path, size?, size, socket?, sparse?, split, stat, sticky?, symlink?, symlink, syscopy, system?, temporary?, truncate, umask, unlink, utime, writable?, writable_real?, zero?
Методы объекта
archive=, atime, chmod, chown, compressed=, content_indexed=, ctime, flock, hidden=, indexed=, lstat, mtime, normal=, o_chmod, offline=, path, readonly=, sparse=, stat, system=, temporary=, truncate
File::archive?
правитьFile::archive?(file)
Возвращает true если файл или директория являются архивом. Приложения используют этот атрибут для маркировки файлов для резервного копирования или удаления.
File::atime
правитьFile.atime(file_name) => time
Возвращает последнее время доступа для указанного файла как объект Time.
File.atime("testfile") #=> Wed Apr 09 08:51:48 CDT 2003
File::attributes
правитьFile::attributes(file)
Возвращает массив строк с указанием атрибутов для этого файла. Возможные значения: архив сжатый каталог зашифрованный скрытый индексированный нормальный автономный только чтнение точка повторной обработки разреженная система временная Более одного метода удовлетворяет вашему запросу. Вы можете уточнить ваш запрос, используя метод: File::basename
File::blksize
правитьFile::blksize(file)
Возвращает блок файловой системы. Более одного метода удовлетворяет вашему запросу. Вы можете уточнить ваш запрос, используя метод: File::blockdev?
File::catname
правитьFile::catname(from, to)
If to is a valid directory, from will be appended to to, adding and escaping backslashes as necessary. Otherwise, to will be returned. Useful for appending from to to only if the filename was not specified in to. Более одного метода удовлетворяет вашему запросу. Вы можете уточнить ваш запрос, используя метод: : File::chardev?
File::chmod===
правитьFile::chmod(mode, *files)
Changes permission bits on files to the bit pattern represented by mode. If the last parameter isn't a String, verbose mode will be enabled.
File.chmod 0755, 'somecommand'
File.chmod 0644, 'my.rb', 'your.rb', true
File::chown
правитьFile.chown(owner_int, group_int, file_name,... ) -> integer
Changes the owner and group of the named file(s) to the given numeric owner and group id's. Only a process with superuser privileges may change the owner of a file. The current owner of a file may change the file's group to any group to which the owner belongs. A nil or -1 owner or group id is ignored. Returns the number of files processed.
File.chown(nil, 100, "testfile")
File::compare
правитьFile::compare(from, to, verbose = false)
Returns true if and only if the contents of files from and to are identical. If verbose is true, from <=> to is printed.
File::compressed?
правитьFile::compressed?(file)
Returns true if the file or directory is compressed. For a file, this means that all of the data in the file is compressed. For a directory, this means that compression is the default for newly created files and subdirectories.
File::copy
правитьFile::copy(from, to, verbose = false)
Copies a file from to to using #syscopy. If to is a directory, copies from to to/from. If verbose is true, from -> to is printed.
File::ctime
правитьFile.ctime(file_name) => time
Returns the change time for the named file (the time at which directory information about the file was changed, not the file itself).
File.ctime("testfile") #=> Wed Apr 09 08:53:13 CDT 2003
File::decrypt
правитьFile::decrypt(file)
Decrypts an encrypted file or directory. The caller must have the FILE_READ_DATA, FILE_WRITE_DATA, FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES, FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES, and SYNCHRONIZE access rights. Requires exclusive access to the file being decrypted, and will fail if another process is using the file. If the file is not encrypted an error is NOT raised. Windows 2000 or later only.
File::delete
правитьFile.delete(file_name, ...) => integer File.unlink(file_name, ...) => integer
Deletes the named files, returning the number of names passed as arguments. Raises an exception on any error. See also Dir::rmdir.
File::directory?
правитьFile.directory?(file_name) => true or false
Returns true if the named file is a directory, false otherwise.
File.directory?(".")
Более одного метода удовлетворяет вашему запросу. Вы можете уточнить ваш запрос, выбрав один из следующих методов:
File::dirname, File::dirname
File::encrypt
правитьFile::encrypt(file)
Encrypts a file or directory. All data streams in a file are encrypted. All new files created in an encrypted directory are encrypted. The caller must have the FILE_READ_DATA, FILE_WRITE_DATA, FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES, FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES, and SYNCHRONIZE access rights. Requires exclusive access to the file being encrypted, and will fail if another process is using the file. If the file is compressed, EncryptFile will decompress the file before encrypting it. Windows 2000 or later only.
File::encrypted?
правитьFile::encrypted?(file)
Returns true if the file or directory is encrypted. For a file, this means that all data in the file is encrypted. For a directory, this means that encryption is the default for newly created files and subdirectories.
File::executable?
правитьFile.executable?(file_name) => true or false
Returns true if the named file is executable by the effective user id of this process.
File::executable_real?
правитьFile.executable_real?(file_name) => true or false
Returns true if the named file is executable by the real user id of this process.
File::exist?
правитьFile.exist?(file_name) => true or false File.exists?(file_name) => true or false (obsolete)
Return true if the named file exist
File::exists?
правитьFile.exist?(file_name) => true or false File.exists?(file_name) => true or false (obsolete)
Return true if the named file exists. Метод возвращает true , если указанный файл file_name существует
File::expand_path
правитьFile.expand_path(file_name [, dir_string] ) -> abs_file_name
Converts a pathname to an absolute pathname. Relative paths are referenced from the current working directory of the process unless dir_string is given, in which case it will be used as the starting point. The given pathname may start with a ``~, which expands to the process owner's home directory (the environment variable HOME must be set correctly). ``~user expands to the named user's home directory.
File.expand_path("~oracle/bin") #=> "/home/oracle/bin"
File.expand_path("../../bin", "/tmp/x") #=> "/bin"
File::extname
правитьFile.extname(path) -> string
Returns the extension (the portion of file name in path after the period).
File.extname("test.rb") #=> ".rb"
File.extname("a/b/d/test.rb") #=> ".rb"
File.extname("test") #=> ""
File.extname(".profile") #=> ""
File::file?
правитьFile.file?(file_name) => true or false
Returns true if the named file exists and is a regular file.
File::fnmatch
правитьFile.fnmatch( pattern, path, [flags] ) => (true or false) File.fnmatch?( pattern, path, [flags] ) => (true or false)
Returns true if path matches against pattern The pattern is not a regular expression; instead it follows rules similar to shell filename globbing. It may contain the following metacharacters:
Matches any file. Can be restricted by other values in the glob. * will match all files; c* will match all files beginning with c; *c will match all files ending with c; and c will match all files that have c in them (including at the beginning or end). Equivalent to / .* /x in regexp. Matches any one character. Equivalent to /.{1}/ in regexp. Matches any one character in set. Behaves exactly like character sets in Regexp, including set negation ([^a-z]).
Escapes the next metacharacter.flags is a bitwise OR of the FNM_xxx parameters. The same glob pattern and flags are used by Dir::glob.
File.fnmatch('cat', 'cat') #=> true
File.fnmatch('cat', 'category') #=> false
File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cats') #=> false
File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cubs') #=> false
File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cat') #=> false
File.fnmatch('c?t', 'cat') #=> true
File.fnmatch('c\?t', 'cat') #=> false
File.fnmatch('c??t', 'cat') #=> false
File.fnmatch('c*', 'cats') #=> true
File.fnmatch('c/ * FIXME * /t', 'c/a/b/c/t') #=> true
File.fnmatch('c*t', 'cat') #=> true
File.fnmatch('c\at', 'cat') #=> true
File.fnmatch('c\at', 'cat', File::FNM_NOESCAPE) #=> false
File.fnmatch('a?b', 'a/b') #=> true
File.fnmatch('a?b', 'a/b', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false
File.fnmatch('*', '.profile') #=> false
File.fnmatch('*', '.profile', File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true
File.fnmatch('*', 'dave/.profile') #=> true
File.fnmatch('*', 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true
File.fnmatch('*', 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false
File.fnmatch('* / FIXME *', 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false
STRICT = File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH
File.fnmatch('* / FIXME *', 'dave/.profile', STRICT) #=> true
File::fnmatch?
правитьFile.fnmatch( pattern, path, [flags] ) => (true or false) File.fnmatch?( pattern, path, [flags] ) => (true or false)
Returns true if path matches against pattern The pattern is not a regular expression; instead it follows rules similar to shell filename globbing. It may contain the following metacharacters:
Matches any file. Can be restricted by other values in the glob. * will match all files; c* will match all files beginning with c; *c will match all files ending with c; and c will match all files that have c in them (including at the beginning or end). Equivalent to / .* /x in regexp. Matches any one character. Equivalent to /.{1}/ in regexp. Matches any one character in set. Behaves exactly like character sets in Regexp, including set negation ([^a-z]).
Escapes the next metacharacter.flags is a bitwise OR of the FNM_xxx parameters. The same glob pattern and flags are used by Dir::glob.
File.fnmatch('cat', 'cat') #=> true
File.fnmatch('cat', 'category') #=> false
File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cats') #=> false
File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cubs') #=> false
File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cat') #=> false
File.fnmatch('c?t', 'cat') #=> true
File.fnmatch('c\?t', 'cat') #=> false
File.fnmatch('c??t', 'cat') #=> false
File.fnmatch('c*', 'cats') #=> true
File.fnmatch('c/ * FIXME * /t', 'c/a/b/c/t') #=> true
File.fnmatch('c*t', 'cat') #=> true
File.fnmatch('c\at', 'cat') #=> true
File.fnmatch('c\at', 'cat', File::FNM_NOESCAPE) #=> false
File.fnmatch('a?b', 'a/b') #=> true
File.fnmatch('a?b', 'a/b', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false
File.fnmatch('*', '.profile') #=> false
File.fnmatch('*', '.profile', File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true
File.fnmatch('*', 'dave/.profile') #=> true
File.fnmatch('*', 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true
File.fnmatch('*', 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false
File.fnmatch('* / FIXME *', 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false
STRICT = File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH
File.fnmatch('* / FIXME *', 'dave/.profile', STRICT) #=> true
File::ftype
правитьFile.ftype(file_name) => string
Identifies the type of the named file; the return string is one of ``file, ``directory, ``characterSpecial, ``blockSpecial, ``fifo, ``link, ``socket, or ``unknown.
File.ftype("testfile") #=> "file"
File.ftype("/dev/tty") #=> "characterSpecial"
File.ftype("/tmp/.X11-unix/X0") #=> "socket"
File::get_permissions
правитьFile::get_permissions(file, host=nil)
Returns a hash describing the current file permissions for the given file. The account name is the key, and the value is an integer representing an or'd value that corresponds to the security permissions for that file. To get a human readable version of the permissions, pass the value to the +File.securities+ method.
File::grpowned?
правитьFile.grpowned?(file_name) => true or false
Returns true if the named file exists and the effective group id of the calling process is the owner of the file. Returns false on Windows.
File::hidden?
правитьFile::hidden?(file)
Returns true if the file or directory is hidden. It is not included in an ordinary directory listing.
File::identical?
правитьFile.identical?(file_1, file_2) => true or false
Returns true if the named files are identical.
open("a", "w") {}
p File.identical?("a", "a") #=> true
p File.identical?("a", "./a") #=> true
File.link("a", "b")
p File.identical?("a", "b") #=> true
File.symlink("a", "c")
p File.identical?("a", "c") #=> true
open("d", "w") {}
p File.identical?("a", "d") #=> false
File::indexed?
правитьFile::indexed?(file)
Returns true if the file or directory is indexed by the content indexing service.
File::install
правитьFile::install(from, to, mode = nil, verbose = false)
If src is not the same as dest, copies it and changes the permission mode to mode. If dest is a directory, destination is dest/src. If mode is not set, default is used. If verbose is set to true, the name of each file copied will be printed.
File::join
правитьFile.join(string, ...) -> path
Returns a new string formed by joining the strings using File::SEPARATOR.
File.join("usr", "mail", "gumby") #=> "usr/mail/gumby"
File::lchmod
правитьFile.lchmod(mode_int, file_name, ...) => integer
Equivalent to File::chmod, but does not follow symbolic links (so it will change the permissions associated with the link, not the file referenced by the link). Often not available.
File::lchown
правитьfile.lchown(owner_int, group_int, file_name,..) => integer
Equivalent to File::chown, but does not follow symbolic links (so it will change the owner associated with the link, not the file referenced by the link). Often not available. Returns number of files in the argument list.
File::link
правитьFile.link(old_name, new_name) => 0
Creates a new name for an existing file using a hard link. Will not overwrite new_name if it already exists (raising a subclass of SystemCallError). Not available on all platforms.
File.link("testfile", ".testfile") #=> 0
IO.readlines(".testfile")[0] #=> "This is line one\n"
File::long_path
правитьFile::long_path(file)
Returns file in long format. For example, if 'SOMEFI~1.TXT' was the argument provided, and the short representation for 'somefile.txt', then this method would return 'somefile.txt'. Note that certain file system optimizations may prevent this method from working as expected. In that case, you will get back the file name in 8.3 format. Более одного метода удовлетворяет вашему запросу. Вы можете уточнить ваш запрос, выбрав один из следующих методов:
File::lstat, File::lstat===File::makedirs===
File::makedirs(*dirs)
Creates a directory and all its parent directories. For example,
File.makedirs '/usr/lib/ruby'
causes the following directories to be made, if they do not exist.
* /usr
* /usr/lib
* /usr/lib/ruby
You can pass several directories, each as a parameter. If the last parameter isn't a String, verbose mode will be enabled.
File::move
правитьFile::move(from, to, verbose = false)
Moves a file from to to using #syscopy. If to is a directory, copies from from to to/from. If verbose is true, from -> to is printed.
File::mtime
правитьFile.mtime(file_name) => time
Returns the modification time for the named file as a Time object.
File.mtime("testfile") #=> Tue Apr 08 12:58:04 CDT 2003
File::new
правитьFile.new(filename, mode="r") => file File.new(filename [, mode [, perm]]) => file
Opens the file named by filename according to mode (default is ``r) and returns a new File object. See the description of class IO for a description of mode. The file mode may optionally be specified as a Fixnum by or-ing together the flags (O_RDONLY etc, again described under IO). Optional permission bits may be given in perm. These mode and permission bits are platform dependent; on Unix systems, see open(2) for details.
f = File.new("testfile", "r")
f = File.new("newfile", "w+")
f = File.new("newfile", File::CREAT|File::TRUNC|File::RDWR, 0644)
File::normal?
правитьFile::normal?(file)
Returns true if the file or directory has no other attributes set.
File::offline?
правитьFile::offline?(file)
Returns true if the data of the file is not immediately available. This attribute indicates that the file data has been physically moved to offline storage. This attribute is used by Remote Storage, the hierarchical storage management software. Applications should not arbitrarily change this attribute.
File::owned?
правитьFile.owned?(file_name) => true or false
Returns true if the named file exists and the effective used id of the calling process is the owner of the file.
File::pipe?
правитьFile.pipe?(file_name) => true or false
Returns true if the named file is a pipe.
File::readable?
правитьFile.readable?(file_name) => true or false
Returns true if the named file is readable by the effective user id of this process.
File::readable_real?
правитьFile.readable_real?(file_name) => true or false
Returns true if the named file is readable by the real user id of this process.
File::readlink
правитьFile.readlink(link_name) -> file_name
Returns the name of the file referenced by the given link. Not available on all platforms.
File.symlink("testfile", "link2test") #=> 0
File.readlink("link2test") #=> "testfile"
File::readonly?
правитьFile::readonly?(file)
Returns true if The file or directory is read-only. Applications can read the file but cannot write to it or delete it. In the case of a directory, applications cannot delete it.
File::remove_attributes
правитьFile::remove_attributes(file, flags)
Removes the file attributes based on the given (numeric) flags.
File::rename
правитьFile.rename(old_name, new_name) => 0
Renames the given file to the new name. Raises a SystemCallError if the file cannot be renamed.
File.rename("afile", "afile.bak") #=> 0
File::reparse_point?
правитьFile::reparse_point?(file)
Returns true if the file or directory has an associated reparse point. A reparse point is a collection of user defined data associated with a file or directory. For more on reparse points, search http://msdn.microsoft.com.
File::safe_unlink
правитьFile::safe_unlink(*files)
Removes a list of files. Each parameter should be the name of the file to delete. If the last parameter isn't a String, verbose mode will be enabled. Returns the number of files deleted.
File::securities
правитьFile::securities(mask)
Returns an array of human-readable strings that correspond to the permission flags.
File::set_attributes
правитьFile::set_attributes(file, flags)
Sets the file attributes based on the given (numeric) flags. This does not remove existing attributes, it merely adds to them.
File::set_permissions
правитьFile::set_permissions(file, perms)
Sets the file permissions for the given file name. The 'permissions' argument is a hash with an account name as the key, and the various permission constants as possible values. The possible constant values are: FILE_READ_DATA FILE_WRITE_DATA FILE_APPEND_DATA FILE_READ_EA FILE_WRITE_EA FILE_EXECUTE FILE_DELETE_CHILD FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES STANDARD_RIGHTS_ALL FULL READ ADD CHANGE DELETE READ_CONTROL WRITE_DAC WRITE_OWNER SYNCHRONIZE STANDARD_RIGHTS_REQUIRED STANDARD_RIGHTS_READ STANDARD_RIGHTS_WRITE STANDARD_RIGHTS_EXECUTE STANDARD_RIGHTS_ALL SPECIFIC_RIGHTS_ALL ACCESS_SYSTEM_SECURITY MAXIMUM_ALLOWED GENERIC_READ GENERIC_WRITE GENERIC_EXECUTE GENERIC_ALL
File::setgid?
правитьFile.setgid?(file_name) => true or false
Returns true if the named file has the setgid bit set.
File::setuid?
правитьFile.setuid?(file_name) => true or false
Returns true if the named file has the setuid bit set.
File::short_path
правитьFile::short_path(file)
Returns 'file_name' in 8.3 format. For example, 'c:\documentation.doc' would be returned as 'c:\docume~1.doc'. Более одного метода удовлетворяет вашему запросу. Вы можете уточнить ваш запрос, выбрав один из следующих методов:
File::size?, File::size, File::blksize, File::size===File::size?===
File.file?(file_name) => integer or nil
Returns nil if file_name doesn't exist or has zero size, the size of the file otherwise.
File::socket?
правитьFile.socket?(file_name) => true or false
Returns true if the named file is a socket.
File::sparse?
правитьFile::sparse?(file)
Returns true if the file is a sparse file. A sparse file is a file in which much of the data is zeros, typically image files. See http://msdn.microsoft.com for more details. Более одного метода удовлетворяет вашему запросу. Вы можете уточнить ваш запрос, выбрав один из следующих методов:
File::split, File::splitБолее одного метода удовлетворяет вашему запросу. Вы можете уточнить ваш запрос, выбрав один из следующих методов:
File::lstat, File::stat, File::lstat, File::stat===File::sticky?===
File.sticky?(file_name) => true or false
Returns true if the named file has the sticky bit set.
File::symlink
правитьFile.symlink(old_name, new_name) => 0
Creates a symbolic link called new_name for the existing file old_name. Raises a NotImplemented exception on platforms that do not support symbolic links.
File.symlink("testfile", "link2test") #=> 0
File::symlink?
правитьFile.symlink?(file_name) => true or false
Returns true if the named file is a symbolic link.
File::syscopy
правитьFile::syscopy(from, to)
Copies a file from to to. If to is a directory, copies from to to/from.
File::system?
правитьFile::system?(file)
Returns true if the file or directory is part of the operating system or is used exclusively by the operating system.
File::temporary?
правитьFile::temporary?(file)
Returns true if the file is being used for temporary storage. File systems avoid writing data back to mass storage if sufficient cache memory is available, because often the application deletes the temporary file shortly after the handle is closed. In that case, the system can entirely avoid writing the data. Otherwise, the data will be written after the handle is closed.
File::truncate
правитьFile.truncate(file_name, integer) => 0
Truncates the file file_name to be at most integer bytes long. Not available on all platforms.
f = File.new("out", "w")
f.write("1234567890") #=> 10
f.close #=> nil
File.truncate("out", 5) #=> 0
File.size("out") #=> 5
File::umask
правитьFile.umask() => integer File.umask(integer) => integer
Returns the current umask value for this process. If the optional argument is given, set the umask to that value and return the previous value. Umask values are subtracted from the default permissions, so a umask of 0222 would make a file read-only for everyone.
File.umask(0006) #=> 18
File.umask #=> 6
File::unlink
правитьFile.delete(file_name, ...) => integer File.unlink(file_name, ...) => integer
Deletes the named files, returning the number of names passed as arguments. Raises an exception on any error. See also Dir::rmdir.
File::utime
правитьFile.utime(atime, mtime, file_name,...) => integer
Sets the access and modification times of each named file to the first two arguments. Returns the number of file names in the argument list.
File::writable?
правитьFile.writable?(file_name) => true or false
Returns true if the named file is writable by the effective user id of this process.
File::writable_real?
правитьFile.writable_real?(file_name) => true or false
Returns true if the named file is writable by the real user id of this process.
File::zero?
правитьFile.zero?(file_name) => true or false
Returns true if the named file exists and has a zero size.
File#archive=
правитьarchive=(bool)
Sets whether or not the file is an archive file.
File#atime
правитьfile.atime => time
Returns the last access time (a Time object)
for file, or epoch if file has not been accessed.
File.new("testfile").atime #=> Wed Dec 31 18:00:00 CST 1969
File#chmod
правитьfile.chmod(mode_int) => 0
Changes permission bits on file to the bit pattern represented by mode_int. Actual effects are platform dependent; on Unix systems, see chmod(2) for details. Follows symbolic links. Also see File#lchmod.
f = File.new("out", "w");
f.chmod(0644) #=> 0
(еще известен как o_chmod)
File#chown
правитьfile.chown(owner_int, group_int ) => 0
Changes the owner and group of file to the given numeric owner and group id's. Only a process with superuser privileges may change the owner of a file. The current owner of a file may change the file's group to any group to which the owner belongs. A nil or -1 owner or group id is ignored. Follows symbolic links. See also File#lchown.
File.new("testfile").chown(502, 1000)
File#compressed=
правитьcompressed=(bool)
Sets whether or not the file is a compressed file.
File#content_indexed=
правитьcontent_indexed=(bool)
Alias for #indexed=
File#ctime
правитьfile.ctime -> time
Returns the change time for file (that is, the time directory information about the file was changed, not the file itself).
File.new("testfile").ctime #=> Wed Apr 09 08:53:14 CDT 2003
File#flock
правитьfile.flock (locking_constant ) => 0 or false
Locks or unlocks a file according to locking_constant (a logical or of the values in the table below). Returns false if File::LOCK_NB is specified and the operation would otherwise have blocked. Not available on all platforms. Locking constants (in class File):
LOCK_EX | Exclusive lock. Only one process may hold an
| exclusive lock for a given file at a time.
----------+------------------------------------------------
LOCK_NB | Don't block when locking. May be combined
| with other lock options using logical or.
----------+------------------------------------------------
LOCK_SH | Shared lock. Multiple processes may each hold a
| shared lock for a given file at the same time.
----------+------------------------------------------------
LOCK_UN | Unlock.
Example:
File.new("testfile").flock(File::LOCK_UN) #=> 0
File#hidden=
правитьhidden=(bool)
Sets the hidden attribute to true or false. Setting this attribute to true means that the file is not included in an ordinary directory listing.
File#indexed=
правитьindexed=(bool)
Sets the 'indexed' attribute to true or false. Setting this to false means that the file will not be indexed by the content indexing service.
(еще известен как content_indexed=)
File#lstat
правитьfile.lstat => stat
Same as IO#stat, but does not follow the last symbolic link. Instead, reports on the link itself.
File.symlink("testfile", "link2test") #=> 0
File.stat("testfile").size #=> 66
f = File.new("link2test")
f.lstat.size #=> 8
f.stat.size #=> 66
File#mtime
правитьfile.mtime -> time
Returns the modification time for file.
File.new("testfile").mtime #=> Wed Apr 09 08:53:14 CDT 2003
File#normal=
правитьnormal=(bool)
Sets the normal attribute. Note that only 'true' is a valid argument, which has the effect of removing most other attributes. Attempting to pass any value except true will raise an ArgumentError.
File#o_chmod
правитьo_chmod(p1)
Alias for #chmod
File#offline=
правитьoffline=(bool)
Sets whether or not a file is online or not. Setting this to false means that the data of the file is not immediately available. This attribute indicates that the file data has been physically moved to offline storage. This attribute is used by Remote Storage, the hierarchical storage management software. Applications should not arbitrarily change this attribute.
File#path
правитьfile.path -> filename
Returns the pathname used to create file as a string. Does not normalize the name.
File.new("testfile").path #=> "testfile"
File.new("/tmp/../tmp/xxx", "w").path #=> "/tmp/../tmp/xxx"
File#readonly=
правитьreadonly=(bool)
Sets the readonly attribute. If set to true the the file or directory is readonly. Applications can read the file but cannot write to it or delete it. In the case of a directory, applications cannot delete it.
File#sparse=
правитьsparse=(bool)
Sets the file to a sparse (usually image) file. Note that you cannot remove the sparse property from a file.
File#stat
правитьstat()
Instance methods
File#system=
правитьsystem=(bool)
Set whether or not the file is a system file. A system file is a file that is part of the operating system or is used exclusively by it.
File#temporary=
правитьtemporary=(bool)
Sets whether or not the file is being used for temporary storage. File systems avoid writing data back to mass storage if sufficient cache memory is available, because often the application deletes the temporary file shortly after the handle is closed. In that case, the system can entirely avoid writing the data. Otherwise, the data will be written after the handle is closed.
File#truncate
правитьfile.truncate(integer) => 0
Truncates file to at most integer bytes. The file must be opened for writing. Not available on all platforms.
f = File.new("out", "w")
f.syswrite("1234567890") #=> 10
f.truncate(5) #=> 0
f.close() #=> nil
File.size("out") #=> 5